ALHALLA,OR THE LORD OF TALLADEGA.

A TALE OF THE CREEK WAR.

WITH SOME SELECTED MISCELLANIES, CHIEFLY OF EARLY DATE.

BY HENRY ROWE COLCRAFT.

NEW-YORK AND LONDON: WILEY AND PUTNAM. MDCCCXLIII.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by HENRY ROWE COLCRAFT, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New-York.

John F. Trow, Printer, 33 Ann-street.

TO WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT, ESQ.

OF NEW-YORK.

Sir:—Whatever may be the particular estimate set upon the intellectual character of the American aborigines, or the decision had on the perplexing question of their remote origin, or their actual and varying condition, few will dispute the large share of interest which they have in the public mind. And it is a species of interest which, I think we shall perceive, will be found to assume a higher and more imaginative cast, connected with the advancing state of letters and the fine arts, as we recede from the historical era, when these tribes were confessedly the lords and rulers of the land.

Their name and semblance are, in truth, infiltrated, if I may use a chemical phrase, into the very elements of the American landscape, which can hardly ever be contemplated without bringing out from the latent depths of the imagination, the image of the lithe Indian, with his Robin Hood arms and his picturesque costume. The policy which an enlightened government and people ought to pursue towards them, at all times, is a question that chiefly concerns the statesman and the philanthropist. But there are a hundred subordinate questions which come home for decision to the bosoms of all readers and thinkers, travellers and writers, to whom the race itself, viewed as a broken link in the ethnological chain, is a fruitful theme, both for retrospection and for actual observation. I have indeed, myself, participated largely in this field of observation, and may with truth affirm, that I return to society, after completing a period of but little short of four and twenty years in their territories.

How far the interest of these reminiscences of a noble race are realized, or communicated in the following tale, I cannot pretend to predict. But if I may rely on the American press, and it is an authority which, in this instance, is sustained abroad, there are few persons who are so well qualified to judge of success in this particular as yourself. This consideration would plead a justification for the liberty I take, of addressing the present sketch to you; but it is a liberty which I should hardly venture on, were I not,

Very truly yours, The Author.

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ADVERTISEMENT.

The treaty of Ghent, concluded in the autumn of 1814, terminated the contest then existing between the United States and Great Britain, although it was not promulgated in time to arrest one of the severest battles of the war. In this contest, as in all prior ones of a general character, subsequent to the settlement of European nations in the new world, the native tribes were deeply involved. Indeed, it was under the influence of an extraordinary prophetic delusion, that it may be said to have commenced, on their part, on the plains of Tippecanoe.

If the opening of this renewed struggle for supremacy by the aborigines in 1811, on the banks of the Wabash, had the effect to bring on the stage of action a noted warrior, in the person of Tecumthe,[1] who certainly has had few equals as a military and political leader, since the era of the prior stand made by the American tribes under Pontiac; its onward events, and its, to them, disastrous close, drew into prominent notice a scarcely less remarkable, and in some traits superior, character, under the name of Tuscaloosa, or the Black Warrior. This man, from his personal courage, skill, and activity, absorbed the full confidence of his tribe; and to him was, in effect, committed the cause of the Indian war in the south, until the date of his voluntary personal surrender to the American commander, after the power of his nation had been crushed in a series of sanguinary battles, and a price set upon his head. [Pg 2]

It was the race of the Muscogees, who, under the popular name of Creeks, opposed the most strenuous opposition to the arms of the United States. This nation, in its numerous clans and subdivisions, were, at the period, strong in their numbers, and confident in their strength. These clans, influenced and misled by foreign counsel, were seated in their original vallies, forests, and fastnesses, in the remoter slopes and spurs of the Southern Alleghanies, stretching towards the gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi, but were found to have their chief point of military supply in Florida, then under the dominion of Spain, into which the operations of the war were eventually and necessarily transferred. It was in this manner that the Seminoles, who have since made so protracted a stand, first drew upon themselves the force of the American arms.

The present tale, in which fiction builds itself upon these general facts, turns upon the contest of the Muscogees, their exertions, their discomfitures, and their final fall. It opens at a distant point, many degrees towards the north, within a short period after the close of the Creek war. It occupies two days and two nights in its action. The idea here brought forward of uniting or intermingling the dramatic, with the narrative and descriptive, is believed to be well adapted to topics of this character, in which the natural bent of the natives for declamation and mystic romance may be indulged, while the time of the action, it is conceived, may be thereby curtailed, and verbal description retrenched. The measure is thought to be not ill adapted to the Indian mode of enunciation. Nothing is more characteristic of their harangues and public speeches, than that vehement, yet broken and continued strain of utterance, which would be subject to the charge of monotony, were it not varied by an extraordinary compass in the stress [Pg 3]

of voice, broken by the repetition of high and low accent, and often terminated with an exclamatory vigor, which is sometimes startling. It is not the less in accordance with these traits, that nearly every initial syllable of the measure chosen, is under accent. This at least may be affirmed, that it imparts a movement to the narrative, which, at the same time that it obviates languor, favors that repetitious rhythm, or pseudo-parallelism, which so strongly marks their highly compound lexicography.

Of the theme itself, nothing further is requisite to be said. The tale was written, as it now stands, in 1826, with a few exceptions of earlier date; and it may be added, that it was among the agremens of the writer’s seclusion, while he was living in a public capacity, within the impressive scenes, and among the manly tribes, in the lake region described. That its publication should have been deferred until the author had seen cause to resume the original orthography of the initial syllable of his patronymic name, may render it proper further to add, in this connection, that the change from School, and resumption of Col, in the adjective syllable of the name, is in strict conformity with family tradition, supported by recent observation in England. In the latter country, however, the name is uniformly written Cal, however it may be pronounced.

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INTRODUCTORY STANZAS.

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CANTO I.TRADITIONARY GLEAMS OF THE CREATION.THE COUNCIL.

[Scene. A tent on the open shores of Lake Superior—a camp-fire—canoes turned up on the beach—boatmen engaged in cooking. A conference at the tent-door. Ethwald, a traveller. Oscar, a missionary. De la Joie, a trader. Mongazid (Azid), an Indian Prophet and hunter, with his retinue. The pipe is about to be lit. Time—sun-set.]

CANTO II.THE SACRED ISLAND.A DISCOVERY.

[Scene. The broad expanse of the Lake. An assemblage of Indian canoes on the water. One, in advance, bearing the national flag of the United States. Time—morning.]

CANTO III.THE BATTLES OF TALLASATCHES AND TALLADEGA.

[Scene. A Cave on the Island. The king of the Hillabees, his sister and daughter. Ethwald and Oscar. Others attendance. Time, evening.]

CANTO IV.THE WARRIOR’S DREAM.A PROPHECY.

[Scene in reminiscence. The forest of Talladega. Alhalla alone. Time, midnight.]

CANTO V.THE FALL OF THE MUSCOGEE RACE.THE VOLUNTARY EXILE.

[Scene in reminiscence. The valley of the Coosa river, and parts adjacent.]

CANTO VI.THE RE-UNION.

[Scene. The Cave; Alhalla, Ethwald, Oscar, Mongazid, Ednee, Clewalla, De la Joie; with their separate retinues and attendants. Time, Evening.]

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MISCELLANIES.

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Most of the ensuing pieces, having been written at an early period of life, and at widely distant geographical points, and many of them having been published in newspapers, magazines, or other forms, and not before reclaimed, it is conceived that there is a propriety in retaining the local dates.

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PONTIAC’S APPEAL.

[After the taking of Quebec, in 1759, the North Western Indians adhered to their Gallic allies, and formed an extensive combination for retaking all the posts west of the Alleghanies. Pontiac was the leader and master-spirit of this confederacy, the seat of which was Detroit. In 1763 he besieged the garrison at that place, with a large confederated force of Indians, and defeated the besieged at the battle of Bloody Bridge, killing their commander. The next year Gen. Bradstreet advanced from Niagara to break up this confederacy, with an army of 3000 men. The appeal may be supposed to be uttered on this occasion.]

GEEHALE.AN INDIAN LAMENT.

THE CHOICE.ADDRESSED TO A YOUNG LADY.

THE BIRCHEN CANOE.

ON LEAVING THE VILLAGE OF GENEVAIN 1812.

ON THOSE WHO FELL IN THE WAR OF 1812.

ON THE MARRIAGE OFMR. SAVAGE TO MISS WILD.[1811.]

LIKES AND DISLIKES.

WASHINGTON.

[On a visit to the tomb of Washington at Mount Vernon, April 28th, 1822, the writer picked out and selected from the rude earthen mound which covers it, some plain mineralogical fragments, which he deposited in a neat paper box in his cabinet, with the following lines:]

THE WHITE FISH.

A TALE OF THE NORTH,[1830.]

[In 1785, Mr. Alexander Kay, a fur-trader from Montreal, was stabbed by an Indian at Sandy Lake, on the source of the Mississippi. By the kindness and medical skill of a friendly chief, who accompanied him to Michilimackinac, the wound was healed, but suppurated soon after, on his arrival at the Lake of Two Mountains, where he died.]

THERE IS A TIME TO DIE.

LINES,ON THE DEATH OF CAPT. M. M. DOX, LATE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

THE CHIPPEWA GIRL.

SHINGABAWOSSIN.

[A ruling chief of the Chippewa nation, of noble mien and respected character, who died and was buried on the banks of lake Superior in 1828, aged about 76.]

Footnotes:

[1] A name inveterately recorded in our annals, under the false orthography of Tecumseh—which is not true Shawanoe.

[2] Print of the Loon’s foot.

[3] An abbreviation of Git-chi-go-mee,—the Indian name for Lake Superior.

[4] This attack was made by troops commanded by the late Judge Hugh L. White.

[5] Gen. Jackson.

[6] The fall of Tuscaloosa, or the Black Warrior, is here symbolically fixed on as the fall of the nation. This noted chief was not, however, killed in battle; he came voluntarily to Gen. Jackson’s camp and surrendered himself. He had disguised himself in mean clothes to prevent his being shot down by the soldiers, as a price had been set on his head. Hence the nobility of his declaration, on entering the General’s tent—“I am Tuscaloosa.”

[7] An Indian who invokes spirits, and professes to foretell events—a seer; a prophet.

[8] A leggin.

[9] The Algic name for Niagara.

[10] Betula papyracæ.

[11] You only I love.

[12] A literal translation of the Chippewa name for this fish—Ad dik Kum maig.

[13] French orthography for the Indian name of this fish.

[14] A tale of such transformation may be seen, by reference to Algic Researches.

Transcriber's Note:

Uncertain or antiquated spellings or ancient words were not corrected.

Errors in punctuation and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected unless otherwise noted.

Typographical errors have been silently corrected but other variations in spelling and punctuation remain unaltered.

Where double quotes have been repeated at the beginnings of consecutive stanzas, they have been omitted for clarity.